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Bigtable Row Filters#

Warning

gRPC is required for using the Cloud Bigtable API. As of May 2016, grpcio is only supported in Python 2.7, so importing gcloud.bigtable in other versions of Python will fail.

It is possible to use a RowFilter when adding mutations to a ConditionalRow and when reading row data with read_row() read_rows().

As laid out in the RowFilter definition, the following basic filters are provided:

In addition, these filters can be combined into composite filters with

These rules can be nested arbitrarily, with a basic filter at the lowest level. For example:

# Filter in a specified column (matching any column family).
col1_filter = ColumnQualifierRegexFilter(b'columnbia')

# Create a filter to label results.
label1 = u'label-red'
label1_filter = ApplyLabelFilter(label1)

# Combine the filters to label all the cells in columnbia.
chain1 = RowFilterChain(filters=[col1_filter, label1_filter])

# Create a similar filter to label cells blue.
col2_filter = ColumnQualifierRegexFilter(b'columnseeya')
label2 = u'label-blue'
label2_filter = ApplyLabelFilter(label2)
chain2 = RowFilterChain(filters=[col2_filter, label2_filter])

# Bring our two labeled columns together.
row_filter = RowFilterUnion(filters=[chain1, chain2])

Filters for Google Cloud Bigtable Row classes.

class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.ApplyLabelFilter(label)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter

Filter to apply labels to cells.

Intended to be used as an intermediate filter on a pre-existing filtered result set. This way if two sets are combined, the label can tell where the cell(s) originated.This allows the client to determine which results were produced from which part of the filter.

Note

Due to a technical limitation of the backend, it is not currently possible to apply multiple labels to a cell.

Parameters:label (str) – Label to apply to cells in the output row. Values must be at most 15 characters long, and match the pattern [a-z0-9\-]+.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.BlockAllFilter(flag)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._BoolFilter

Row filter that doesn’t match any cells.

Parameters:flag (bool) – Does not match any cells, regardless of input. Useful for temporarily disabling just part of a filter.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.CellsColumnLimitFilter(num_cells)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._CellCountFilter

Row filter to limit cells in a column.

Parameters:num_cells (int) – Matches only the most recent N cells within each column. This filters a (family name, column) pair, based on timestamps of each cell.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.CellsRowLimitFilter(num_cells)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._CellCountFilter

Row filter to limit cells in a row.

Parameters:num_cells (int) – Matches only the first N cells of the row.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.CellsRowOffsetFilter(num_cells)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._CellCountFilter

Row filter to skip cells in a row.

Parameters:num_cells (int) – Skips the first N cells of the row.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.ColumnQualifierRegexFilter(regex)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._RegexFilter

Row filter for a column qualifier regular expression.

The regex must be valid RE2 patterns. See Google’s RE2 reference for the accepted syntax.

Note

Special care need be used with the expression used. Since each of these properties can contain arbitrary bytes, the \C escape sequence must be used if a true wildcard is desired. The . character will not match the new line character \n, which may be present in a binary value.

Parameters:regex (bytes) – A regular expression (RE2) to match cells from column that match this regex (irrespective of column family).
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.ColumnRangeFilter(column_family_id, start_column=None, end_column=None, inclusive_start=None, inclusive_end=None)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter

A row filter to restrict to a range of columns.

Both the start and end column can be included or excluded in the range. By default, we include them both, but this can be changed with optional flags.

Parameters:
  • column_family_id (str) – The column family that contains the columns. Must be of the form [_a-zA-Z0-9][-_.a-zA-Z0-9]*.
  • start_column (bytes) – The start of the range of columns. If no value is used, the backend applies no upper bound to the values.
  • end_column (bytes) – The end of the range of columns. If no value is used, the backend applies no upper bound to the values.
  • inclusive_start (bool) – Boolean indicating if the start column should be included in the range (or excluded). Defaults to True if start_column is passed and no inclusive_start was given.
  • inclusive_end (bool) – Boolean indicating if the end column should be included in the range (or excluded). Defaults to True if end_column is passed and no inclusive_end was given.
Raises:

ValueError if inclusive_start is set but no start_column is given or if inclusive_end is set but no end_column is given
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

First converts to a data_v2_pb2.ColumnRange and then uses it in the column_range_filter field.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.ConditionalRowFilter(base_filter, true_filter=None, false_filter=None)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter

Conditional row filter which exhibits ternary behavior.

Executes one of two filters based on another filter. If the base_filter returns any cells in the row, then true_filter is executed. If not, then false_filter is executed.

Note

The base_filter does not execute atomically with the true and false filters, which may lead to inconsistent or unexpected results.

Additionally, executing a ConditionalRowFilter has poor performance on the server, especially when false_filter is set.

Parameters:
  • base_filter (RowFilter) – The filter to condition on before executing the true/false filters.
  • true_filter (RowFilter) – (Optional) The filter to execute if there are any cells matching base_filter. If not provided, no results will be returned in the true case.
  • false_filter (RowFilter) – (Optional) The filter to execute if there are no cells matching base_filter. If not provided, no results will be returned in the false case.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.FamilyNameRegexFilter(regex)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._RegexFilter

Row filter for a family name regular expression.

The regex must be valid RE2 patterns. See Google’s RE2 reference for the accepted syntax.

Parameters:regex (str) – A regular expression (RE2) to match cells from columns in a given column family. For technical reasons, the regex must not contain the ':' character, even if it is not being used as a literal.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.PassAllFilter(flag)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._BoolFilter

Row filter equivalent to not filtering at all.

Parameters:flag (bool) – Matches all cells, regardless of input. Functionally equivalent to leaving filter unset, but included for completeness.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter[source]#

Bases: object

Basic filter to apply to cells in a row.

These values can be combined via RowFilterChain, RowFilterUnion and ConditionalRowFilter.

Note

This class is a do-nothing base class for all row filters.

class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilterChain(filters=None)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._FilterCombination

Chain of row filters.

Sends rows through several filters in sequence. The filters are “chained” together to process a row. After the first filter is applied, the second is applied to the filtered output and so on for subsequent filters.

Parameters:filters (list) – List of RowFilter
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilterUnion(filters=None)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._FilterCombination

Union of row filters.

Sends rows through several filters simultaneously, then merges / interleaves all the filtered results together.

If multiple cells are produced with the same column and timestamp, they will all appear in the output row in an unspecified mutual order.

Parameters:filters (list) – List of RowFilter
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowKeyRegexFilter(regex)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._RegexFilter

Row filter for a row key regular expression.

The regex must be valid RE2 patterns. See Google’s RE2 reference for the accepted syntax.

Note

Special care need be used with the expression used. Since each of these properties can contain arbitrary bytes, the \C escape sequence must be used if a true wildcard is desired. The . character will not match the new line character \n, which may be present in a binary value.

Parameters:regex (bytes) – A regular expression (RE2) to match cells from rows with row keys that satisfy this regex. For a CheckAndMutateRowRequest, this filter is unnecessary since the row key is already specified.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowSampleFilter(sample)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter

Matches all cells from a row with probability p.

Parameters:sample (float) – The probability of matching a cell (must be in the interval [0, 1]).
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.SinkFilter(flag)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._BoolFilter

Advanced row filter to skip parent filters.

Parameters:flag (bool) – ADVANCED USE ONLY. Hook for introspection into the row filter. Outputs all cells directly to the output of the read rather than to any parent filter. Cannot be used within the predicate_filter, true_filter, or false_filter of a ConditionalRowFilter.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.StripValueTransformerFilter(flag)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._BoolFilter

Row filter that transforms cells into empty string (0 bytes).

Parameters:flag (bool) – If True, replaces each cell’s value with the empty string. As the name indicates, this is more useful as a transformer than a generic query / filter.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.TimestampRange(start=None, end=None)[source]#

Bases: object

Range of time with inclusive lower and exclusive upper bounds.

Parameters:
  • start (datetime.datetime) – (Optional) The (inclusive) lower bound of the timestamp range. If omitted, defaults to Unix epoch.
  • end (datetime.datetime) – (Optional) The (exclusive) upper bound of the timestamp range. If omitted, no upper bound is used.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the TimestampRange to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.TimestampRange
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.TimestampRangeFilter(range_)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter

Row filter that limits cells to a range of time.

Parameters:range (TimestampRange) – Range of time that cells should match against.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

First converts the range_ on the current object to a protobuf and then uses it in the timestamp_range_filter field.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.ValueRangeFilter(start_value=None, end_value=None, inclusive_start=None, inclusive_end=None)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.RowFilter

A range of values to restrict to in a row filter.

Will only match cells that have values in this range.

Both the start and end value can be included or excluded in the range. By default, we include them both, but this can be changed with optional flags.

Parameters:
  • start_value (bytes) – The start of the range of values. If no value is used, the backend applies no lower bound to the values.
  • end_value (bytes) – The end of the range of values. If no value is used, the backend applies no upper bound to the values.
  • inclusive_start (bool) – Boolean indicating if the start value should be included in the range (or excluded). Defaults to True if start_value is passed and no inclusive_start was given.
  • inclusive_end (bool) – Boolean indicating if the end value should be included in the range (or excluded). Defaults to True if end_value is passed and no inclusive_end was given.
Raises:

ValueError if inclusive_start is set but no start_value is given or if inclusive_end is set but no end_value is given
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

First converts to a data_v2_pb2.ValueRange and then uses it to create a row filter protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.
class gcloud.bigtable.row_filters.ValueRegexFilter(regex)[source]#

Bases: gcloud.bigtable.row_filters._RegexFilter

Row filter for a value regular expression.

The regex must be valid RE2 patterns. See Google’s RE2 reference for the accepted syntax.

Note

Special care need be used with the expression used. Since each of these properties can contain arbitrary bytes, the \C escape sequence must be used if a true wildcard is desired. The . character will not match the new line character \n, which may be present in a binary value.

Parameters:regex (bytes) – A regular expression (RE2) to match cells with values that match this regex.
to_pb()[source]#

Converts the row filter to a protobuf.

Return type:data_v2_pb2.RowFilter
Returns:The converted current object.